Air-/Water-/soil-quality improvement through pollution prevention, by improvement of conversion processes and by end of pipe purification
16. Environment in particular
Solid (liquid) waste reduction by improvement of conversion processes and by absolute environmental friendly collection - transport - storage - processing - recycling of these wastes
17. Governmental Institutions I Non-Governmental Institutions
People's Participation / Citizen Groups / Individual Citizens
18. Public Health and Welfare; Sport
Culture and Religion
19. Education and Research
20. Defence
21. Economy and Employment
22. Finance
Public Private Participation
Financial Engineering
It is of great importance to take into account all these categories and their interrelation-ships, since without them neither plan development nor execution is possible. Cost-Benefit analysis of each category and of the sum-total should be carried out and ofcourse the financing of the project, preferably through financial engineering.
With regard to the land reclamation application of the method of building with nature should be emphasized, both from a viewpoint of nature as from a viewpoint of cost-effectiveness. In this method a new flexible dynamic equilibrium coastline is created using sand from the sea, consisting of a new primary range of dunes with a new beach in front and with a minimum of solid sea-wall elements. The method is taking into account all the forces acting on the loose mobile material sand, being the action of tides, waves (specifically in the breaking zone), swell, river outflow (referring to water and sediment), estuarine and ocean currents, gravity and wind, seeing to it that the net resulting force acting on the sand - averaged in time - is relatively small. Use is also made of the interaction vegetation - sand. Another (complex) factor which can be considered is the interaction between marine organisms and sand/silt particles in beach and near shore.
A low maintenance factor of the new coastline is taken into account. Only in those cases where erosion is clearly and strongly dominating accretion, solid seawall elements are to be preferred, but only then.
